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Cozzoli, F., da Conceicao, T. G., Van Dalen, J., Fang, X., Gjoni, V., Herman, P. M. J., et al. (2020). Biological and physical drivers of bio-mediated sediment resuspension: A flume study on Cerastoderma edule. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 241, 106824.
Résumé: Predictive models accounting for the effect of bioturbation on sediment resuspension must be based on ecological theory as well as on empirical parametrization. The scaling trend of individual metabolic and activity rates with body mass may be a key to the mechanistic understanding of the observed patterns. With this study we tested if general size scaling rules in bio-mediated sediment resuspension may apply to a broad range of physical contexts for the endobenthic bivalve Cerastoderma edule. The effect on sediment resuspension of populations of C. edule differing by individual size was measured across physical gradients of current velocity and sediment composition in terms of fraction of fine particles. C. edule were able to enhance the resuspension of sediment containing silt, while they had scarce effect on the resuspension of coarse sediment. The effect of bioturbation was maximal at intermediate current velocity, when the hydrodynamic forcing is not strong enough to overcome the abiotic sediment resistance but it is able to suspend the bioturbated sediment. Although differences in sediment silt content and intensities of hydrodynamic stress have a relevant influence in determining the bioturbators individual contribution to sediment resuspension, the observed mass scaling trend is consistent across all treatments and close to theoretical expectation for size scaling of individual metabolic rates. This observation supports the hypothesis that the contribution of individual bioturbators to sediment resuspension is directly related to their energy use. Therefore, the proposed approach allows the formulation of expectations of biotic contribution to sediment resuspension based on the general size scaling laws of individual energy use.
Mots-Clés: Allometry; benthic macroinvertebrates; Bioturbation; bivalves scrobicularia-plana; Body size; Cerastoderma edule; cohesive sediment; Cohesiveness; cross-community approach; current-velocity; ecosystem engineers; metabolic theory; mortality responses; noncohesive sediments; nutrient fluxes; Sediment resuspension
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Walker, T. R., Grant, J., Weise, A. M., McKindsey, C. W., Callier, M. D., & Richard, M. (2014). Influence of suspended mussel lines on sediment erosion and resuspension in Lagune de la Grande Entree, Iles-de-la-Madeleine, Quebec, Canada. Aquaculture, 433, 450–457.
Résumé: Downward fluxes of organically rich biodeposits under suspended mussel lines can cause benthic impacts such as changes in benthic community structure or microbial mat production. Quantifying sediment erosion in these coastal ecosystems is important for understanding how fluxes of organic matter and mussel biodeposits contribute to benthic pelagic coupling. Critical shear velocity (u(crit)*(t)), erosion rates and particle size distributions of resuspended sediment were measured at four stations distributed along a transect perpendicular to a mussel farm in Lagune de la Grande Entree, Iles-de-la-Madeleine (Quebec, Canada). Stations were selected underneath the outer-most mussel line (0 m) and at distances of 15,30 m and at a reference station (500 m) further along the transect. Shear velocity was measured using a calibrated portable Particle Erosion Simulator, also referred to as the BEAST (Benthic Environmental Assessment Sediment Tool). Undisturbed sediment cores obtained by divers were exposed to shear stress to compare differences between stations. Erosion sequences indicated no significant differences in u(crit)* between stations, but there were significant differences in erosion rates beneath mussel lines compared to other stations. Erosion rates were the highest in cores from beneath mussel lines, but paradoxically had the lowest u(crit)* Mean erosion rates at u*crit varied between 25 and 47 g m(-2) min(-1) and critical erosion thresholds varied between 1.58 and 1.73 cm s(-1), which compare with intensive mussel culture sites elsewhere in eastern Canada. Significant differences existed in biotic and abiotic properties of sediments which could explain variation in maximum erosion rates within and between stations. Particle sizes measured by videography of resuspended sediment at different shear velocities ranged from 02 to 3.0 mm. Quantifying sediment erosion from intact marine sediments helps to improve our mechanistic understanding of these processes, and the BEAST further contributes to predictive capability in benthic pelagic coupling modeling. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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