| Accueil | << 1 >> |
|
Rogers, N. J., UrbinaLt, M. A., Reardon, E. E., McKenzie, D. J., & Wilsonl, R. W. (2016). A new analysis of hypoxia tolerance in fishes using a database of critical oxygen level (P-crit). Conserv. Physiol., 4, cow012.
Résumé: Hypoxia is a common occurrence in aquatic habitats, and it is becoming an increasingly frequent and widespread environmental perturbation, primarily as the result of anthropogenic nutrient enrichment and climate change. An in-depth understanding of the hypoxia tolerance of fishes, and how this varies among individuals and species, is required to make accurate predictions of future ecological impacts and to provide better information for conservation and fisheries management. The critical oxygen level (P-crit)m has been widely used as a quantifiable trait of hypoxia tolerance. It is defined as the oxygen level below which the animal can no longer maintain a stable rate of oxygen uptake (oxyregulate) and uptake becomes dependent on ambient oxygen availability (the animal transitions to oxyconforming). A comprehensive database of P-crit values, comprising 331 measurements from 96 published studies, covering 151 fish species from 58 families, provides the most extensive and up-to-date analysis of hypoxia tolerance in teleosts. Methodologies for determining Pcrit are critically examined to evaluate its usefulness as an indicator of hypoxia tolerance in fishes. Various abiotic and biotic factors that interact with hypoxia are analysed for their effect on P, including temperature, CO,, acidification, toxic metals and feeding. Salinity, temperature, body mass and routine metabolic rate were strongly correlated with P-crit; 20% of variation in the P-crit, data set was explained by these four variables. An important methodological issue not previously considered is the inconsistent increase in partial pressure of CO, within a closed respirometer during the measurement of P-crit. Modelling suggests that the final partial pressure of CO, reached can vary from 650 to 3500 mu atm depending on the ambient pH and salinity, with potentially major effects on blood acid-base balance and P it itself. This database will form part of a widely accessible repository of physiological trait data that will serve as a resource to facilitate future studies of fish ecology, conservation and management.
Mots-Clés: Carbon dioxide; carp cyprinus-carpio; critical oxygen tension; eel anguilla-anguilla; environmental hypoxia; fresh-water fishes; goldfish carassius-auratus; inanga galaxias-maculatus; intermittent-flow respirometry; metabolic rate; oxygen and capacity limitation of thermal tolerance; physiological trait; postprandial metabolic-response; snapper pagrus-auratus; trout oncorhynchus-mykiss
|
|
Vandeputte, M., Bugeon, J., Bestin, A., Desgranges, A., Allamellou, J. - M., Tyran, A. - S., et al. (2019). First Evidence of Realized Selection Response on Fillet Yield in Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, Using Sib Selection or Based on Correlated Ultrasound Measurements. Front. Genet., 10, 1225.
Résumé: Fillet yield, the proportion of edible fillet relative to body weight, is a major trait to improve in fish sold processed, as it has a direct impact on profitability and can simultaneously decrease the environmental impact of producing a given amount of fillet. However, it is difficult to improve by selective breeding, because it cannot be measured on live breeding candidates, its phenotypic variation is low, and, as a ratio, it is not normally distributed and a same change in fillet yield can be the result of different changes in fillet weight and body weight. Residual headless gutted carcass weight (rHGCW) is heritable and highly genetically correlated to Fillet% in rainbow trout, and can be predicted by the ratio of abdominal wall thickness to depth of the peritoneal cavity (E8/E23), measured on live fish by ultrasound tomography. We selected broodstock based on rHGCW, measured on sibs of the selection candidates, on ultrasound measurements (E8/E23) measured on the selection candidates, or a combination of both. Seven broodstock groups were selected: fish with 15% highest (rHGCW+) or lowest (rHGCW-) EBV for rHGCW, with 15% highest (E8/E23+) or lowest (E8/E23-) EBV for E8/E23, with both rHGCW+ and E8/E23+ (Both+) or rHGCW- and E8/E23- (Both-), or with close to zero EBVs for both traits (Mid). Seven corresponding groups of offspring were produced and reared communally. At harvest size (1.5 kg mean weight), 1,561 trout were slaughtered, measured for the traits of interest, and pedigreed with DNA fingerprinting. Offspring from groups Both+, rHGCW+ and E8/E23+ had a higher EBV for rHGCW than the control group, while down-selected groups had a lower EBV. Looking at the phenotypic mean for Fillet% (correlated response), up-selected fish had more fillet than down-selected fish. The highest difference was between Both+ (69.36%) and Both- (68.20%), a 1.16% units difference in fillet percentage. The change in Fillet% was explained by an opposite change in Viscera%, while Head% remained stable. Selection using sib information on rHGCW was on average more efficient than selection using the candidates' own E8/E23 phenotypes, and downward selection (decreasing Fillet%) was more efficient than upward selection.
|