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Cardoso de Melo, C., Cavalcanti Soares, A. P., Pelage, L., Eduardo Nole, L., Fredou, T., Lira, A. S., et al. (2020). Haemulidae distribution patterns along the Northeastern Brazilian continental shelf and size at first maturity of the most abundant species. Reg. Stud. Mar. Sci., 35, 101226.
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Fleury, E., Moal, J., Boulo, V., Daniel, J. Y., Mazurais, D., Henaut, A., et al. (2010). Microarray-Based Identification of Gonad Transcripts Differentially Expressed Between Lines of Pacific Oyster Selected to Be Resistant or Susceptible to Summer Mortality. Mar. Biotechnol., 12(3), 326–339.
Résumé: Summer mortality of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas is the result of a complex interaction between oysters, their environment, and pathogens. Heredity appears to be a major factor determining the sensitivity of oysters to summer mortality, allowing resistant (R) and susceptible (S) lines to be produced. We conducted genome-wide expression profiling of R and S gonads during the 3-month period preceding a summer mortality event, using a cDNA microarray that we designed. ANOVA analysis revealed that 34 genes were differentially expressed between R and S lines on four dates preceding the mortality event. Annotation of some of these genes highlights reproduction and its allocation and antioxidant defenses as the main pathways that operate differentially between R and S lines. This transcriptional analysis provides new indications to define markers for quantitative trait loci searches and functional studies and evaluate the potential role of each gene in the resistance to summer mortality.
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McKenzie, D. J., Palstra, A. P., Planas, J., MacKenzie, S., Begout, M. - L., Thorarensen, H., et al. (2020). Aerobic swimming in intensive finfish aquaculture: applications for production, mitigation and selection. Rev. Aquac., .
Résumé: We review knowledge on applications of sustained aerobic swimming as a tool to promote productivity and welfare of farmed fish species. There has been extensive interest in whether providing active species with a current to swim against can promote growth. The results are not conclusive but the studies have varied in species, life stage, swimming speed applied, feeding regime, stocking density and other factors. Therefore, much remains to be understood about mechanisms underlying findings of 'swimming-enhanced growth', in particular to demonstrate that swimming can improve feed conversion ratio and dietary protein retention under true aquaculture conditions. There has also been research into whether swimming can alleviate chronic stress, once again on a range of species and life stages. The evidence is mixed but swimming does improve recovery from acute stresses such as handling or confinement. Research into issues such as whether swimming can improve immune function and promote cognitive function is still at an early stage and should be encouraged. There is promising evidence that swimming can inhibit precocious sexual maturation in some species, so studies should be broadened to other species where precocious maturation is a problem. Swimming performance is a heritable trait and may prove a useful selection tool, especially if it is related to overall robustness. More research is required to better understand the advantages that swimming may provide to the fish farmer, in terms of production, mitigation and selection.
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Paulino, C., Aroni, E., Xu, H., Alburqueque, E., & Demarcq, H. (2017). Use of nighttime visible images in the study of the spatial and temporal variability of fishing areas of jumbo flying squid (Dosidicus gigas) outside Peruvian EEZ 2004-2015. Fish Res., 191, 144–153.
Résumé: We analyzed the temporal variability of the fishing fleet of Dosidicus gigas, located outside the exclusive economic zone of Peru (EEZ), with a spatial luminosity index. The nighttime satellite images were provided by the Operational Linescan System (DMSP-OLS) from 2004 to 2015. 2995 images were processed, selecting pixels in the range of 30-63 Digital Number (DN), to identify the presence of vessels in the image. The time series showed an extensive latitudinal distribution of the fishing fleet from 6 degrees S to 32 degrees S, with years of low (2005-2009) and high (2004, 2010-2015) presence, describing a recurrent seasonal pattern of latitudinal displacement measured from its center of gravity (CG). The CG reaches its southernmost position between February to April and its northernmost position between August to October. Some vessels were also detected within the Peruvian EEZ. The latitudinal inertia presented values of 0.3-1 indicating high fleet concentration between 12 degrees S to 17 degrees S and the longitudinal inertia presented values >2, showing the wide distribution of the resource. Luminous pixels showed high fishing occurrence (>18 times) on a single pixel, in front of Chimbote around 9 degrees 51'S-82 degrees 31'W from 2004 to 2011. From 2012 to 2015 areas of high fishing occurrence increased in front of Huarmey (10 degrees 36'S/82 degrees 41'W) and San Juan de Marcona (15 degrees 53'S/80 degrees 6'W). For both periods, high intensity pixels (DN >60) show extensive areas of fishing operation between 9 degrees S to 20 degrees S along 200 nautical miles from the coast, while values between 30 and 45 DN could be mostly associated with the search for fishing zones. Since 2012, pixels with DN >58 have increased, indicating a greater fishing activity likely related to a higher availability of the resource or a better knowledge of the fishing zones, associated with an increase of the fishing effort and a possible higher pressure on the resource. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Pringault, O., Aube, J., Bouchez, O., Klopp, C., Mariette, J., Escudie, F., et al. (2015). Contrasted effects of natural complex mixtures of PAHs and metals on oxygen cycle in a microbial mat. Chemosphere, 135, 189–201.
Résumé: The contamination of polluted environments is often due to a complex mixture of pollutants sometimes at trace levels which nevertheless may have significant effects on the diversity and functioning of organisms. The aim of this study was to assess the functional responses of a microbial mat exposed to a natural complex mixture of PAHs and metals as a function of the maturation stage of the biofilm. Microbial mats sampled in a slightly polluted environment were exposed to contaminated water of a retention basin of an oil refinery. The responses of the microbial mats differed according to season. In spring 2012, strong inhibition of both oxygen production and respiration was observed relative to the control, with rates representing less than 5% of the control after 72 h of incubation. A decrease of microbial activities was followed by a decrease of the coupling between autotrophs and heterotrophs. In contrast, in autumn 2012, no significant changes for oxygen production and respiration were observed and the coupling between autotrophs and heterotrophs was not altered. The differences observed between the spring and autumn mats might be explained by the maturity of the microbial mat with dominance of heterotrophic bacteria in spring, and diatoms and cyanobacteria in autumn, as well as by the differences in the chemical composition of the complex mixture of PAHs and metals.
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