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Aubin, J., Callier, M., Rey-Valette, H., Mathe, S., Wilfart, A., Legendre, M., et al. (2019). Implementing ecological intensification in fish farming: definition and principles from contrasting experiences. Rev. Aquac., 11(1), 149–167.
Résumé: Ecological intensification is a new concept in agriculture that addresses the double challenge of maintaining a level of production sufficient to support needs of human populations and respecting the environment in order to conserve the natural world and human quality of life. This article adapts this concept to fish farming using agroecological principles and the ecosystem services framework. The method was developed from the study of published literature and applications at four study sites chosen for their differences in production intensity: polyculture ponds in France, integrated pig and pond polyculture in Brazil, the culture of striped catfish in Indonesia and a recirculating salmon aquaculture system in France. The study of stakeholders' perceptions of ecosystem services combined with environmental assessment through Life Cycle Assessment and Emergy accounting allowed development of an assessment tool that was used as a basis for co-building evolution scenarios. From this experience, ecological intensification of aquaculture was defined as the use of ecological processes and functions to increase productivity, strengthen ecosystem services and decrease disservices. It is based on aquaecosystem and biodiversity management and the use of local and traditional knowledge. Expected consequences for farming systems consist of greater autonomy, efficiency and better integration into their surrounding territories. Ecological intensification requires territorial governance and helps improve it from a sustainable development perspective.
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Dobrovolski, R., Loyola, R. D., Guilhaumon, F., Gouveia, S. F., & Diniz, J. A. F. (2013). Global agricultural expansion and carnivore conservation biogeography. Biol. Conserv., 165, 162–170.
Résumé: Global conservation prioritization must address conflicting land uses. We tested for spatial congruence between agricultural expansion in the 21st century and priority areas for carnivore conservation worldwide. We evaluated how including agricultural expansion data in conservation planning reduces such congruence and estimated the consequences of such an approach for the performance of resulting priority area networks. We investigated the correlation between projections of agricultural expansion and the solutions of global spatial prioritizations for carnivore conservation through the implementation of different goals: (1) purely maximizing species representation and (2) representing species while avoiding sites under high pressure for agriculture expansion. We also evaluated the performance of conservation solutions based on species' representation and their spatial congruence with established global prioritization schemes. Priority areas for carnivore conservation were spatially correlated with future agricultural distribution and were more similar to global conservation schemes with high vulnerability. Incorporating future agricultural expansion in the site selection process substantially reduced spatial correlation with agriculture, resulting in a spatial solution more similar to global conservation schemes with low vulnerability. Accounting for agricultural expansion resulted in a lower representation of species, as the average proportion of the range represented reduced from 58% to 32%. We propose that priorities for carnivore conservation could be integrated into a strategy that concentrates different conservation actions towards areas where they are likely to be more effective regarding agricultural expansion. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Kara, M. H., Lacroix, D., Rey-Valette, H., Mathe, S., & Blancheton, J. P. (2018). Dynamics of Research in Aquaculture in North Africa and Support for Sustainable Development and Innovation. Rev. Fish. Sci. Aquac.., 26(3), 309–318.
Résumé: This article examines the supporting role of research in the development of marine aquaculture in the aquaculture-producing countries of North Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia. Research plays a significant role not only in the support of the development of the sector, but also in the evolution toward sustainable aquaculture practices and a better integrated management of this activity. This analysis was conducted as part of the Aquamed project whose main objective was to create a multi-stakeholder platform (institutional decision makers, producers, researchers, NGOs, etc.) to strengthen cooperation and stimulate innovation for sustainable aquaculture in the Mediterranean. In particular, the Aquamed project aimed at an exploration of forms of collaboration through the identification of sub-groups of countries whose similarity of situations or challenges could help promote dialogue. The study of aquaculture and research in the countries reveals the contrasted situations between Egypt and the three western North African countries (Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia). The analysis of research capabilities was carried out on the basis of several indicators, which were compiled from a survey among the relevant main institutes in the various countries, as well as from bibliometric research on the publications produced in the field of aquaculture. Beyond the differences identified among the countries, the analysis emphasizes the similarity of the challenges and the benefits of strengthening collaborations on a sub-regional scale.
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Mhadhbi, T., Pringault, O., Nouri, H., Spinelli, S., Beyrem, H., & Gonzalez, C. (2019). Evaluating polar pesticide pollution with a combined approach: a survey of agricultural practices and POCIS passive samplers in a Tunisian lagoon watershed. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 26(1), 342–361.
Résumé: A study of pesticides in the Bizerte lagoon watershed on the Mediterranean coast of Tunisia showed that herbicides and fungicides are the most commonly used compounds. A survey was made of selected farmers. Pesticide contamination was monitored in the water column and sediments at four selected sampling sites (lagoon (A) and in three ouedsChegui (B), Garaa (C), and Tinja (D)). Polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) were used to assess pesticide contamination. Thirty-two pesticides were investigated; the total concentration of active ingredients ranged from 35.9ngL(-1) in Tinja oued to 1246ngL(-1) in Chegui oued. In the lagoon, the total concentration of pesticides was 67.7ngL(-1). In the sediments, the highest concentration was measured in Chegui oued in the spring (31ngg(-1) dw). The main compounds found in the analyzed sediments were prosulfocarb and tebuconazole molecules.
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Rivera-Ingraham, G. A., Espinosa, F., & Krock, B. (2015). Presence of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (Gaba) in the Pedal Mucus of the Critically Endangered Species Patella ferruginea. J Chem Ecol, 41(5), 501–504.
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