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| Auteur |
Levin, N.; Coll, M.; Fraschetti, S.; Gal, G.; Giakoumi, S.; Gke, C.; Heymans, J.J.; Katsanevakis, S.; Mazor, T.; ztrk, B.; Rilov, G.; Gajewski, J.; Steenbeek, J.; Kark, S. |
| Titre |
REVIEW Biodiversity data requirements for systematic conservation planning in the Mediterranean Sea |
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Article scientifique |
| Année |
2014 |
Publication |
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Revue Abrégée |
Mar Ecol Prog Ser |
| Volume |
508 |
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261-281 |
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ABSTRACT: The Mediterranean Sea’s biodiversity and ecosystems face many threats due to anthropogenic pressures. Some of these include human population growth, coastal urbanization, accelerated human activities, and climate change. To enhance the formation of a science-based system of marine protected areas in the Mediterranean Sea, data on the spatial distribution of ecological features (abiotic variables, species, communities, habitats, and ecosystems) is required to inform conservation scientists and planners. However, the spatial data required is often lacking. In this review, we aimed to address the status of our knowledge for 3 major types of spatial information: bathymetry, classification of marine habitats, and species distributions. To exemplify the data gaps and approaches to bridge them, we examined case studies that systematically prioritize conservation in the Mediterranean Sea. We found that at present the data required for conservation planning is generally more readily available and of better quality for the European countries located in the Western Mediterranean Sea. Additionally, the Mediterranean Sea is lagging behind other marine regions where rigorous criteria for conservation planning has been applied in the past 20 yr. Therefore, we call upon scientists, governments, and international governmental and non-governmental organizations to harmonize current approaches in marine mapping and to develop a framework that is applicable throughout the Mediterranean region. Such coordination between stakeholders is urgently needed before more countries undertake further extensive habitat mapping, so that future conservation planning can use integrated spatial datasets. |
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LL @ pixluser @ |
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383 |
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Chong-Robles, J.; Charmantier, G.; Boulo, V.; Lizárraga-Valdéz, J.; Enríquez-Paredes, L.M.; Giffard-Mena, I. |
| Titre |
Osmoregulation pattern and salinity tolerance of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) during post-embryonic development |
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Article scientifique |
| Année |
2014 |
Publication |
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Revue Abrégée |
Aquaculture |
| Volume |
422–423 |
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261-267 |
| Mots-Clés |
Crustacean; Hypo–hyper osmoregulation; Larvae; Osmotic pressure; Osmotic stress; survival |
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0044-8486 |
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MARBEC @ isabelle.vidal-ayouba @ |
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756 |
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Lett, C.; Semeria, M.; Thiebault, A.; Tremblay, Y. |
| Titre |
Effects of successive predator attacks on prey aggregations |
Type |
Article scientifique |
| Année |
2014 |
Publication |
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Revue Abrégée |
Theor Ecol |
| Volume |
7 |
Numéro |
3 |
Pages |
239-252 |
| Mots-Clés |
Animal aggregation; Animal group; Attraction-repulsion model; Flock; Plant Sciences; School; Swarm; Theoretical Ecology/Statistics; Zoology |
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We study the cumulative effect of successive predator attacks on the disturbance of a prey aggregation using a modelling approach. Our model intends to represent fish schools attacked by both aerial and underwater predators. This individual-based model uses long-distance attraction and short-distance repulsion between prey, which leads to prey aggregation and swarming in the absence of predators. When intermediate-distance alignment is added to the model, the prey aggregation displays a cohesive displacement, i.e., schooling, instead of swarming. Including predators, i.e. with repulsion behaviour for prey to predators in the model, leads to flash expansion of the prey aggregation after a predator attack. When several predators attack successively, the prey aggregation dynamics is a succession of expanding-grouping-swarming/schooling phases. We quantify this dynamics by recording the changes in the simulated prey aggregation radius over time. This radius is computed as the longest distance of individual prey to the aggregation centroid, and it is assumed to increase along with prey disturbance. The prey aggregation radius generally increases during flash expansion, then decreases during grouping until reaching a constant lowest level during swarming/schooling. This general dynamics is modulated by several parameters: the frequency, direction (vertical vs. horizontal) and target (centroid of the prey aggregation vs. random prey) of predator attacks; the distance at which prey detect predators; the number of prey and predators. Our results suggest that both aerial and underwater predators are more efficient at disturbing fish schools by increasing their attack frequency at such level that the fish cannot return to swarming/schooling. We find that a mix between aerial and underwater predators is more efficient at disturbing a fish school than a single type of attack, suggesting that aerial and underwater foragers may gain mutual benefits in forming foraging groups. |
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en |
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1874-1738, 1874-1746 |
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LL @ pixluser @ |
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350 |
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Cresson, P.; Fabri, M.-C.; Bouchoucha, M.; Brach Papa, C.; Chavanon, F.; Jadaud, A.; Knoery, J.; MARCO-MIRALLES, F.; Cossa, D. |
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Mercury in organisms from the Northwestern Mediterranean slope: Importance of food sources |
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Article scientifique |
| Année |
2014 |
Publication |
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Revue Abrégée |
Science of The Total Environment |
| Volume |
497-498 |
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229-238 |
| Mots-Clés |
Continental slope; Depth; Sharks; Stable Isotopes; Teleosts; Trophic webs |
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Mercury (Hg) is a global threat for marine ecosystems, especially within the Mediterranean Sea. The concern is higher for deep-sea organisms, as the Hg concentration in their tissues is commonly high. To assess the influence of food supply at two trophic levels, total Hg concentrations and carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios were determined in 7 species (4 teleosts, 2 sharks, and 1 crustacean) sampled on the upper part of the continental slope of the Gulf of Lions (Northwestern Mediterranean Sea), at depths between 284 and 816 m. Mean Hg concentrations ranged from 1.30 ± 0.61 to 7.13 ± 7.09 μg g− 1 dry mass, with maximum values observed for small-spotted catshark Scyliorhinus canicula. For all species except blue whiting Micromesistius poutassou, Hg concentrations were above the health safety limits for human consumption defined by the European Commission, with a variable proportion of the individuals exceeding limits (from 23% for the Norway lobster Nephrops norvegicus to 82% for the blackbelly rosefish Helicolenus dactylopterus). Measured concentrations increased with increasing trophic levels. Carbon isotopic ratios measured for these organisms demonstrated that settling phytoplanktonic organic matter is not only the main source fueling trophic webs but also the carrier of Hg to this habitat. Inter- and intraspecific variations of Hg concentrations revealed the importance of feeding patterns in Hg bioaccumulation. In addition, biological parameters, such as growth rate or bathymetric range explain the observed contamination trends. |
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0048-9697 |
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LL @ pixluser @ |
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376 |
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Marsac, F.; Barlow, R.; Ternon, J.-F.; Ménard, F.; Roberts, M. |
| Titre |
Ecosystem functioning in the Mozambique Channel : synthesis and future research |
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Article scientifique |
| Année |
2014 |
Publication |
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Revue Abrégée |
Deep-Sea Research Part II.Topical Studies in Oceanography |
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100 |
Numéro |
No spécial |
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212-220 |
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Bio-physical coupling; Ecosystem approach; Mesoscale circulation; Mozambique Channel |
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The MESOBIO programme investigated mesoscale dynamics using an integrated ecosystem approach, linking physical and biogeochemical processes with different trophic levels. Observation and modeling were used in combination to explain the main processes occurring in the mesoscale eddy field. The particular shape of the Mozambique Channel, composed of two basins interconnected through a narrow zone, favours the generation of mesoscale eddies and increases the opportunity for eddy-shelf interactions. Phytoplankton abundance peaked in areas of nutrient enrichment that are often found in the core of cyclonic eddies, as well as on the continental shelf. Grazers in zooplankton communities exhibited high biovolume in cyclonic eddies, but their abundance was lower in fronts and divergence zones, with lowest biovolume in anticyclones. Biovolume was highest at shelf stations, but very variable and similar to phytoplankton. Age of eddies, their subsequent maturation stage and the dynamics of the eddy field played a major role effecting zooplankton abundance. Micronekton presented abundance patterns coherent with zooplankton distribution, however this was only demonstrated by acoustic methods, whereas mid-water trawl collection and predators stomach contents (predators being used as biological samplers) did not reveal significant relationships with mesoscale features. For upper trophic levels, the average density of foraging seabirds was lowest in anticyclones, highest in cyclones and at intermediate levels in divergence, shelf and frontal zones. However, multifaceted behavioral responses were observed in such a highly variable environment. Swordfish was clearly associated with divergence zones, and to a lesser extent with fronts, suggesting that the higher density in divergences was related to the presence of its main prey, essentially large squids. Although tunas tended to be more abundant in areas with weak geostrophic currents, their relationship to mesoscale features was not straightforward as adult tunas caught by longline have the ability to explore different foraging habitats over a broad range of depths. Several suggestions for advancing eddy-related research from the current state of knowledge are proposed in the second part of the paper. |
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Barlow, R.; Marsac, F.; Ternon, J.-F.; Roberts, M. |
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0967-0645 |
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LL @ pixluser @ |
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366 |
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