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Auteur |
Massol, F.; Altermatt, F.; Gounand, I.; Gravel, D.; Leibold, M.A.; Mouquet, N. |
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Titre |
How life-history traits affect ecosystem properties: effects of dispersal in meta-ecosystems |
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Article scientifique |
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Année |
2017 |
Publication |
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Revue Abrégée |
Oikos |
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Volume  |
126 |
Numéro |
4 |
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532-546 |
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Mots-Clés |
colonization trade-off; ecological stoichiometry; interaction strengths; neutral metacommunities; pond metacommunities; predator-prey interactions; source-sink metacommunities; species-diversity; terrestrial food webs; theoretical framework |
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Résumé |
The concept of life-history traits and the study of these traits are the hallmark of population biology. Acknowledging their variability and evolution has allowed us to understand how species adapt in response to their environment. The same traits are also involved in how species alter ecosystems and shape their dynamics and functioning. Some theories, such as the metabolic theory of ecology, ecological stoichiometry or pace-of-life theory, already recognize this junction, but only do so in an implicitly non-spatial context. Meanwhile, for a decade now, it has been argued that ecosystem properties have to be understood at a larger scale using meta-ecosystem theory because source-sink dynamics, community assembly and ecosystem stability are all modified by spatial structure. Here, we argue that some ecosystem properties can be linked to a single life-history trait, dispersal, i.e. the tendency of organisms to live, compete and reproduce away from their birth place. By articulating recent theoretical and empirical studies linking ecosystem functioning and dynamics to species dispersal, we aim to highlight both the known connections between life-history traits and ecosystem properties and the unknown areas, which deserve further empirical and theoretical developments. |
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English |
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0030-1299 |
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MARBEC @ alain.herve @ |
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2120 |
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Auteur |
Lotze, H.K.; Tittensor, D.P.; Bryndum-Buchholz, A.; Eddy, T.D.; Cheung, W.W.L.; Galbraith, E.D.; Barange, M.; Barrier, N.; Bianchi, D.; Blanchard, J.L.; Bopp, L.; Büchner, M.; Bulman, C.M.; Carozza, D.A.; Christensen, V.; Coll, M.; Dunne, J.P.; Fulton, E.A.; Jennings, S.; Jones, M.C.; Mackinson, S.; Maury, O.; Niiranen, S.; Oliveros-Ramos, R.; Roy, T.; Fernandes, J.A.; Schewe, J.; Shin, Y.-J.; Silva, T.A.M.; Steenbeek, J.; Stock, C.A.; Verley, P.; Volkholz, J.; Walker, N.D.; Worm, B. |
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Titre |
Global ensemble projections reveal trophic amplification of ocean biomass declines with climate change |
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Article scientifique |
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Année |
2019 |
Publication |
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Revue Abrégée |
Pnas |
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Volume |
116 |
Numéro |
26 |
Pages |
12907-12912 |
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Mots-Clés |
climate change impacts; global ecosystem modeling; marine food webs; model intercomparison; uncertainty |
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Résumé |
While the physical dimensions of climate change are now routinely assessed through multimodel intercomparisons, projected impacts on the global ocean ecosystem generally rely on individual models with a specific set of assumptions. To address these single-model limitations, we present standardized ensemble projections from six global marine ecosystem models forced with two Earth system models and four emission scenarios with and without fishing. We derive average biomass trends and associated uncertainties across the marine food web. Without fishing, mean global animal biomass decreased by 5% (±4% SD) under low emissions and 17% (±11% SD) under high emissions by 2100, with an average 5% decline for every 1 °C of warming. Projected biomass declines were primarily driven by increasing temperature and decreasing primary production, and were more pronounced at higher trophic levels, a process known as trophic amplification. Fishing did not substantially alter the effects of climate change. Considerable regional variation featured strong biomass increases at high latitudes and decreases at middle to low latitudes, with good model agreement on the direction of change but variable magnitude. Uncertainties due to variations in marine ecosystem and Earth system models were similar. Ensemble projections performed well compared with empirical data, emphasizing the benefits of multimodel inference to project future outcomes. Our results indicate that global ocean animal biomass consistently declines with climate change, and that these impacts are amplified at higher trophic levels. Next steps for model development include dynamic scenarios of fishing, cumulative human impacts, and the effects of management measures on future ocean biomass trends. |
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en |
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0027-8424, 1091-6490 |
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WOS:000472719100059 |
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MARBEC @ isabelle.vidal-ayouba @ |
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2586 |
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Auteur |
van Gils, J.A.; van der Geest, M.; Jansen, E.J.; Govers, L.L.; de Fouw, J.; Piersma, T. |
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Titre |
Trophic cascade induced by molluscivore predator alters pore-water biogeochemistry via competitive release of prey |
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Article scientifique |
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Année |
2012 |
Publication |
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Revue Abrégée |
Ecology |
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Volume |
93 |
Numéro |
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Pages |
1143-1152 |
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Mots-Clés |
Banc d'Arguin, Mauritania bivalves (Dosinia isocardia, Loripes lucinalis) facilitation growth rate hydrogen sulfide interspecific competition predation predator-exclosure experiment Red Knot, Calidris canutus canutus seagrass beds top-down effect toxicity knots calidris-canutus food webs ecological consequences habitat communities coexistence depletion bivalvia sulfide diet |
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Résumé |
Effects of predation may cascade down the food web. By alleviating interspecific competition among prey, predators may promote biodiversity, but the precise mechanisms of how predators alter competition have remained elusive. Here we report on a predator-exclosure experiment carried out in a tropical intertidal ecosystem, providing evidence for a three-level trophic cascade induced by predation by molluscivore Red Knots (Calidris canutus) that affects pore water biogeochemistry. In the exclosures the knots' favorite prey (Dosinia isocardia) became dominant and reduced the individual growth rate in an alternative prey (Loripes lucinalis). Dosinia, a suspension feeder, consumes suspended particulate organic matter (POM), whereas Loripes is a facultative mixotroph, partly living on metabolites produced by sulfur-oxidizing chemoautotrophic bacteria, but also consuming suspended POM. Reduced sulfide concentrations in the exclosures suggest that, without predation on Dosinia, stronger competition for suspended POM forces Loripes to rely on energy produced by endosymbiotic bacteria, thus leading to an enhanced uptake of sulfide from the surrounding pore water. As sulfide is toxic to most organisms, this competition-induced diet shift by Loripes may detoxify the environment, which in turn may facilitate other species. The inference that predators affect the toxicity of their environment via a multi-level trophic cascade is novel, but we believe it may be a general phenomenon in detritus-based ecosystems. |
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[van Gils, Jan A.; van der Geest, Matthijs; Jansen, Erik J.; de Fouw, Jimmy; Piersma, Theunis] NIOZ Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Dept Marine Ecol, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands. [Govers, Laura L.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Fac Sci, Inst Water & Wetland Res, Dept Environm Sci, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Piersma, Theunis] Univ Groningen, CEES, Anim Ecol Grp, NL-9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands. van der Geest, M (reprint author), NIOZ Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Dept Marine Ecol, POB 59, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands matthijs.van.der.geest@nioz.nl |
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0012-9658 |
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Notes |
ISI Document Delivery No.: 946QK Times Cited: 0 Cited Reference Count: 60 van Gils, Jan A. van der Geest, Matthijs Jansen, Erik J. Govers, Laura L. de Fouw, Jimmy Piersma, Theunis Nwo-wotro[w.01.65.221.00] We are grateful to the staff of the Parc National du Banc d'Arguin for allowing us to work and stay in the area under their management. In 2009 we had the pleasant company of Tjisse van der Heide, Han Olff, and Erik Rosendaal, and in 2010 Brecht De Meulenaer joined us. Erik Rosendaal processed fecal samples, and Jeroen Onrust determined shell dry masses. Dick Visser redrew the figures. This work was funded by the NWO-WOTRO Integrated Programme grant W.01.65.221.00 awarded to T. Piersma. Ecological soc amer Washington |
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MARBEC @ alain.herve @ 722 |
collection |
1384 |
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Auteur |
Sardenne, F.; Hollanda, S.; Lawrence, S.; Albert-Arrisol, R.; Degroote, M.; Bodin, N. |
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Titre |
Trophic structures in tropical marine ecosystems: a comparative investigation using three different ecological tracers |
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Article scientifique |
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Année |
2017 |
Publication |
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Revue Abrégée |
Ecol. Indic. |
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Volume |
81 |
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315-324 |
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Mots-Clés |
feeding-behavior; Stable isotopes; food webs; Fatty acids; Mercury; western indian-ocean; gulf-of-mexico; amino-acid; stable-isotope; bioaccumulation; fatty-acid compositions; Indian ocean; mercury exposure; pelagic fishes; Tropical food web |
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Résumé |
We looked at how three ecological tracers may influence the characterization and interpretation of trophic structures in a tropical marine system, with a view to informing tracer(s) selection in future trophic ecology studies. We compared the trophic structures described by stable isotope compositions (carbon and nitrogen), the total mercury concentration (THg) and levels of essential fatty acids (EFA) at both the individual and species level. Analyses were undertaken on muscle tissue samples from fish and crustacean species caught in the waters surrounding the Seychelles. The carbon isotope composition (delta C-13) correlated to the proportion of arachidonic acid (ARA), whereas the nitrogen isotope composition (delta N-15) correlated to the proportion of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and THg. At the individual level, trophic position obtained with these three last tracers are similar. In ' contrast, the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) was not clearly correlated to any of the tracers. At the species level, the use of EFA (ARA and DHA), as compared to stable isotopes, resulted in slight structural modifications, mainly in the middle trophic levels. For example, the EFA overestimated the trophic positions of Thunnus alalunga and Etelis coruscans but underestimated the trophic positions of other snappers and groupers. While ARA mainly originates from coastal/benthic areas, DHA is conserved throughout the food web and may be used as a proxy indicator of trophic position. However, metabolic disparities can affect ecological tracers and in turn, distort the trophic structures derived from their results. This is especially true for species with close trophic ecologies. Despite these caveats, we think that analysing at the individual level the wealth of ARA, DHA and THg data that has already been obtained through earlier nutrition or food security studies would enhance our understanding of trophic structures. |
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1470-160x |
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MARBEC @ alain.herve @ |
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2246 |
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Auteur |
Cazelles, K.; Mouquet, N.; Mouillot, D.; Gravel, D. |
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Titre |
On the integration of biotic interaction and environmental constraints at the biogeographical scale |
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Article scientifique |
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Année |
2016 |
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Revue Abrégée |
Ecography |
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Volume |
39 |
Numéro |
10 |
Pages |
921-931 |
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Mots-Clés |
biodiversity; climate-change; cooccurrence; distributions; ecological communities; evolutionary; food webs; networks; niche; species distribution models |
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Résumé |
Biogeography is primarily concerned with the spatial distribution of biodiversity, including performing scenarios in a changing environment. The efforts deployed to develop species distribution models have resulted in predictive tools, but have mostly remained correlative and have largely ignored biotic interactions. Here we build upon the theory of island biogeography as a first approximation to the assembly dynamics of local communities embedded within a metacommunity context. We include all types of interactions and introduce environmental constraints on colonization and extinction dynamics. We develop a probabilistic framework based on Markov chains and derive probabilities for the realization of species assemblages, rather than single species occurrences. We consider the expected distribution of species richness under different types of ecological interactions. We also illustrate the potential of our framework by studying the interplay between different ecological requirements, interactions and the distribution of biodiversity along an environmental gradient. Our framework supports the idea that the future research in biogeography requires a coherent integration of several ecological concepts into a single theory in order to perform conceptual and methodological innovations, such as the switch from single-species distribution to community distribution. |
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0906-7590 |
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MARBEC @ alain.herve @ |
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1683 |
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