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Auteur |
Duffy, L.M.; Kuhnert, P.; Pethybridge, H.R.; Young, J.W.; Olson, R.J.; Logan, J.M.; Goñi, N.; Romanov, E.; Allain, V.; Staudinger, M.; Abecassis, M.; Choy, C.A.; Hobday, A.J.; Simier, M.; Galván-Magaña, F.; Potier, M.; Ménard, F. |
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Titre  |
Global trophic ecology of yellowfin, bigeye, and albacore tunas: understanding predation on micronekton communities at ocean-basin scales |
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Article scientifique |
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Année |
2017 |
Publication |
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Revue Abrégée |
Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography |
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Volume |
140 |
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Pages |
55-73 |
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Mots-Clés |
classification trees; climate changes; ecosystems; food webs; inter-ocean comparison; macroecology; Meta-analysis; trophic relationships |
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Résumé |
Predator-prey interactions for three commercially valuable tuna species: yellowfin (Thunnus albacares), bigeye (T. obesus), and albacore (T. alalunga), collected over a 40-year period from the Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic Oceans, were used to quantitatively assess broad, macro-scale trophic patterns in pelagic ecosystems. Analysis of over 14,000 tuna stomachs, using a modified classification tree approach, revealed for the first time the global expanse of pelagic predatory fish diet and global patterns of micronekton diversity. Ommastrephid squids were consistently one of the top prey groups by weight across all tuna species and in most ocean bodies. Interspecific differences in prey were apparent, with epipelagic scombrid and mesopelagic paralepidid fishes globally important for yellowfin and bigeye tunas, respectively, while vertically-migrating euphausiid crustaceans were important for albacore tuna in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Diet diversity showed global and regional patterns among tuna species. In the central and western Pacific Ocean, characterized by low productivity, a high diversity of micronekton prey was consumed while low prey diversity was evident in highly productive coastal waters where upwelling occurs. Spatial patterns of diet diversity were most variable in yellowfin and bigeye tunas while a latitudinal diversity gradient was observed with lower diversity in temperate regions for albacore tuna. Sea-surface temperature was a reasonable predictor of the diets of yellowfin and bigeye tunas, whereas chlorophyll-a was the best environmental predictor of albacore diet. These results suggest that the ongoing expansion of warmer, less productive waters in the world’s oceans may alter foraging opportunities for tunas due to regional changes in prey abundances and compositions. |
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0967-0645 |
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MARBEC @ alain.herve @ |
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2102 |
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Auteur |
Massol, F.; Altermatt, F.; Gounand, I.; Gravel, D.; Leibold, M.A.; Mouquet, N. |
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Titre |
How life-history traits affect ecosystem properties: effects of dispersal in meta-ecosystems |
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Article scientifique |
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Année |
2017 |
Publication |
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Revue Abrégée |
Oikos |
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Volume |
126 |
Numéro |
4 |
Pages |
532-546 |
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Mots-Clés |
colonization trade-off; ecological stoichiometry; interaction strengths; neutral metacommunities; pond metacommunities; predator-prey interactions; source-sink metacommunities; species-diversity; terrestrial food webs; theoretical framework |
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Résumé |
The concept of life-history traits and the study of these traits are the hallmark of population biology. Acknowledging their variability and evolution has allowed us to understand how species adapt in response to their environment. The same traits are also involved in how species alter ecosystems and shape their dynamics and functioning. Some theories, such as the metabolic theory of ecology, ecological stoichiometry or pace-of-life theory, already recognize this junction, but only do so in an implicitly non-spatial context. Meanwhile, for a decade now, it has been argued that ecosystem properties have to be understood at a larger scale using meta-ecosystem theory because source-sink dynamics, community assembly and ecosystem stability are all modified by spatial structure. Here, we argue that some ecosystem properties can be linked to a single life-history trait, dispersal, i.e. the tendency of organisms to live, compete and reproduce away from their birth place. By articulating recent theoretical and empirical studies linking ecosystem functioning and dynamics to species dispersal, we aim to highlight both the known connections between life-history traits and ecosystem properties and the unknown areas, which deserve further empirical and theoretical developments. |
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English |
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0030-1299 |
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MARBEC @ alain.herve @ |
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2120 |
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Mostajir, B.; Amblard, C.; Buffan-Dubau, E.; De Wit, R.; Lensi, R.; Sime-Ngando, T. |
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Microbial Food Webs in Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystems |
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Chapitre de livre |
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2015 |
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485-509 |
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Mots-Clés |
Biodiversity; Biogeochemical cycles; Ecological interactions; Microbial Ecology; Microbial food webs; Microbial loop |
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In microbial food webs, different types of interactions occur between microorganisms themselves and with meio- and macroorganisms. After an historical and general introduction, the biological components of the microbial food webs in the pelagic and benthic marine and lake ecosystems, as well as in the terrestrial ecosystems, are presented. The functioning of the microbial food webs in different ecosystems is illustrated and explained, including the trophic pathways and transfer of matter from microbial food webs toward meio- and macroorganisms of the superior trophic levels, the nutrient recycling in the aquatic environments, and the decomposition of organic matter in soils. Finally, the factors regulating microbial food webs, primarily “top-down” and “bottom-up” controls, are described with a special focus on the role of viruses in the aquatic microbial food webs. |
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Springer Netherlands |
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Éditeur |
Bertrand, J.-C.; Caumette, P.; Lebaron, P.; Matheron, R.; Normand, P.; Sime-Ngando, T. |
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Langue |
en |
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Titre de collection Abrégé |
Environmental Microbiology: Fundamentals and Applications |
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978-94-017-9117-5 978-94-017-9118-2 |
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MARBEC @ alain.herve @ |
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1394 |
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Coll, M.; Steenbeek, J.; Sole, J.; Palomera, I.; Christensen, V. |
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Modelling the cumulative spatial-temporal effects of environmental drivers and fishing in a NW Mediterranean marine ecosystem |
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Article scientifique |
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2016 |
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Ecol. Model. |
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331 |
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100-114 |
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Mots-Clés |
acoustic estimation; anchovy engraulis-encrasicolus; climate-change; Cumulative effects; Ecopath with Ecosim; environment; european hake; exploited ecosystems; fishing; food-web model; food webs; hake merluccius-merluccius; protected areas; south catalan sea; trawling disturbance |
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Résumé |
To realistically predict spatial-temporal dynamics of species in marine ecosystems it is essential to consider environmental conditions in conjunction with human activities and food web dynamics. In this study, we used Ecospace, the spatial-temporal dynamic module of Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) food web model, to drive a spatially explicit marine food web model representing the Southern Catalan Sea (NW Mediterranean) with various environmental drivers and with fishing. We then evaluated the individual and joint effects of environmental conditions and fishing in various compartments of the food web. First we used a previously developed EwE model fitted to time series of data from 1978 to 2010 as a baseline configuration. The model included 40 functional groups and four fishing fleets. We first ran the original Ecospace spatial-temporal dynamic model using the original habitat configuration, in addition to fishing, and we predicted species distributions and abundances. Afterwards, we ran the new habitat foraging capacity model using the most important environmental drivers linked with the Ebro River delta dynamics (salinity, temperature, and primary production), in addition to depth, substrate and fishing, and we compared results with those from the original implementation of Ecospace. Three commercial species, European hake (Merluccius merluccius), anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and sardine (Sardina pilchardus), were used to analyse results. Species distributions more closely matched the empirical information available from the study area when using the new habitat capacity model. Results suggested that the historical impacts of fishing and environmental conditions on the biomass and distributions of hake, anchovy and sardine were not additive, but mainly cumulative with a synergistic or antagonistic effect. Fishing had the highest impact on spatial modelling results while the spatial distribution of primary producers and depth followed in importance. This study contributes to the development of more reliable predictions of regional change in marine ecosystems of the Mediterranean Sea. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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English |
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0304-3800 |
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MARBEC @ alain.herve @ |
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1643 |
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Auteur |
Jacquet, C.; Moritz, C.; Morissette, L.; Legagneux, P.; Massol, F.; Archambault, P.; Gravel, D. |
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Titre |
No complexity-stability relationship in empirical ecosystems |
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Article scientifique |
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Année |
2016 |
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Revue Abrégée |
Nat. Commun. |
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7 |
Numéro |
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12573 |
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Mots-Clés |
biodiversity; body-size; connectance; diversity; ecopath; interaction strengths; models; perturbations; real food webs; systems |
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Résumé |
Understanding the mechanisms responsible for stability and persistence of ecosystems is one of the greatest challenges in ecology. Robert May showed that, contrary to intuition, complex randomly built ecosystems are less likely to be stable than simpler ones. Few attempts have been tried to test May's prediction empirically, and we still ignore what is the actual complexity-stability relationship in natural ecosystems. Here we perform a stability analysis of 116 quantitative food webs sampled worldwide. We find that classic descriptors of complexity (species richness, connectance and interaction strength) are not associated with stability in empirical food webs. Further analysis reveals that a correlation between the effects of predators on prey and those of prey on predators, combined with a high frequency of weak interactions, stabilize food web dynamics relative to the random expectation. We conclude that empirical food webs have several non-random properties contributing to the absence of a complexity-stability relationship. |
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English |
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2041-1723 |
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MARBEC @ alain.herve @ |
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1638 |
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